Pick Your Family Essay

The dictionary definition of family is: all the descendants of a common ancestor. Although this statement is true, some would disagree and say that the meaning to the word â€Å"family† goes far beyond that simple definition. Many people consider friends, schoolmates, animals, friends of a parent, and co-workers to be their family as well. Your whole family can be made up of many people that are not necessarily your real family. The relationship you share with another individual classifies them as a family member. These people may not be your relative at all, but someone you feel a strong connection to for one reason or another. Just because someone is your family member by blood, does not mean you have to have a close relationship with him or her. Your family can be extended from your nuclear family because another person may be very special to you, or makes you feel loved enough that you would consider them a part of your family. Children that lose their mother and father might have someone take care of them that are not blood related. In a situation like this, the child’s real family is not apart of the family that raises them and takes care of them. Family is more of a concept and more about the relationship that the two people share. In a case where parents have died or some other circumstance has arisen where they cannot provide for their child, strangers or friends may assist in raising that child. That would make them the caregivers; they would be the mother and father because they fill that role in the child’s life. Many people may say they have two mothers, this is because they have two people that fill the motherly role in their life and both of those people make them feel loved and appreciated. Another example where your family might not be your real relatives is godmothers or your godfathers. Your godmother or godfather can be anyone that your parents think can and will fill that role best. This may be your blood related uncle or the best man in your parents wedding. Regardless of the blood relation this person is in now classified as your family member. Family can also expand to include more than just humans as well. Most Americans have a pet dog or a pet cat that is considered a part of their family. It is very common in a household environment that animals are added to the mix. Whether it is a family of four wanting to add extra love in their lives, or a lonely college student looking for a companion. Many people add a pet into their homes to love and feel love in return. One might think this classifies that animal as a family member. Animals and humans can share a very special relationship, just like family members share. This special relationship is what makes someone or something a part of your family not just blood. Some people may have very special experiences with another individual. Growing up with a particular friend and experiencing many of life’s challenges and tribulations can make a relationship grow very strong. People that have been there for another person through tragedies, deaths, illness, hardships and times of celebration share special bonds. These people may refer to each other as brothers or sisters or second daughters or sons. It is the many experiences and the compassion and empathy that people share with one another that make them feel that closeness with one another. They will often refer to these special people as â€Å"family members†, although they have no blood relation. Many people that are not your real relatives can be more like your family than your real family. There are many reasons that families break up, or do not speak any longer. Death, distance, past arguments and sickness can all be some reasons why you are not close to your blood family. Most people know of someone who may no longer speak to their mother, father, sister, or brother; this kind of thing happens all the time. This is very common after a parent’s death, and the children have to disperse the parent’s valuables. You can’t pick your family, but you can pick your friends. Sometimes those friends treat you better than your own family. They’re a surplus of people that might fill a particular role better than others, and the relationship you share with them is what defines them as your family member.

New Testament interpretation also referred

The apostle Peter addressed the crowd for the first time after the Holy Spirit had come down on the apostles and the disciples on the day of the Pentecost.The crowd was amazed as they had heard them speaking in languages that they could understand. They knew they were Galileans but the crowd as made up of people from all over the region, including Parthians, Medes, Elamites.The quotation followed after a clarification from Peter that they were not drunk, instead they were speaking in tongues because of the pouring of the Holy Spirit. They were also prophesying in the Spirit. Prophecy was something that was prominent in Christianity and it was highlighted in the New Testament Christianity.The verses showed a relationship with how the Christians was conscious with the spirit of prophecy and how it had returned to them as community (Perrin 62). The importance they had attached it was evident in this speech that was a passage understood to be about the end of time as it was being fulfill ed among them.Historically, the book of Joel was grouped with pre-exilic prophets such as Amos and Micah. But there was little data to pinpoint the exact period by which it was written. If it was a plague of locusts, there was no data available for it. On the other hand, if locusts stood for an army invasion, there was little clue as to which threat it was (Barton 15).The entire book of Joel was seen to have no immediate relevance to anyone but had messages of how God would pour out spirit on all flesh as fulfilled in the book of Acts (Barton 3).Joel 2:28-32 was written in a context wherein there was an emphasis that not every one could benefit from the new order that was to come, not even everyone in Israel but only call on the name of the Lord (Barton 7).The previous passages before this verse represented Joel’s plea for the people to render their hearts to the Lord because of who God is. It was followed by how the Lord called His people to come back into His care.The gener al flow of the story started with presenting the dire state of the nation by which they need to proclaim a public lamentation (Barton 14). Following this lament, there were God’s promises for restoration as well as a glorious future.Difference in MeaningThe quotation in the New Testament also referred to the gift of the Spirit that was connected to the prediction Joel had made about how it would be given to mark the last days. In Joel’s time, the reference to the last days was not used. It was inserted precisely because it was the Apostolic Church and it was an eschatological event that took place (Filson 72).  (Filson 72). There were significant additions and changes that Peter had made in his speech that quoted the prophet Joel. The quotation was opened up with â€Å"In the last days, God says† (Acts 17) as well as â€Å"they shall prophesy (Acts 18) that was not originally seen in the Old Testament passage (Perrin & Duling 62).However small the additions t o the verses were, they provided for a deeper meaning and significance especially in the context by which it was pronounced in the New Testament.The prophet prophesied of the days of the Lord, something that was still connected to the restoration that God would bring from the period of lamentation and strife in the country. It was interpreted in the New Testament to be the start of the fulfillment of the prophecy for the last days.While in the book of Joel, there was only one set of signs that indicated the coming of the â€Å"day of the Lord,† the book of Acts showed two sets of signs that referred to the â€Å"sky above† and the â€Å"earth beneath† (Perrin & Duling 62).This referred to the differences in the time period. The signs of the sky above were about the signs that were outstanding and were still waiting to be fulfilled.On the other hand, the signs of the earth below referred to the coming of Jesus and how he fulfilled this prophecy that pointed to th e signs of the last days (Perrin & Duling 62).The additions were also significant in how the people saw themselves and characterized themselves as a community.While in the context in the book of Joel referred to these signs to be the immediate experience and imminent expectation, the New Testament interpretation also referred to the Christian’s conviction of being the End Time community wherein they were experiencing the first act of the divine drama that would shortly be followed by the second coming of Christ (Perrin & Duling 62).

Analysis of Weinberger’s Concepts of Cyberwarfare

Analysis of Weinbergers Concepts of Cyberwarfare In June 2010, analysts from the antivirus software company VirusBlokAda examined a computer in Iran due to suspicion of malware activity. Lurking inside the machine was a computer worm known as Stuxnet. Stuxnet possessed an array of abilities, among them was the ability to â€Å"target the software that controls pumps, valves, generators and other industrial machines† (Weinberger, 2011). Unlike other viruses that use forged security clearances to gain access into systems, Stuxnet â€Å"took advantage of two digital certificates of authenticity stolen from respected companies† (Weinberger, 2011). Furthermore, it exploited â€Å"four different ‘zero day vulnerabilities'† which are security gaps that system creators were unaware of (Weinberger, 2011). According to Liam O Murchu, chief of security response of Symantec, once Stuxnet infected a system, â€Å"the crucial parts of its executable code would become active only if that machine was also running Sie mens Step 7, one of the many supervisory control and data (SCADA) systems used to manage industrial processes† (Weinberger, 2011). Symantec also discovered that â€Å"the majority of infections were in Iran† and that â€Å"the infections seemed to have been appearing there in waves since 2009† (Weinberger, 2011). Further investigation performed by Ralph Langner, a control-system security consultant, resulted in evidence that â€Å"Stuxnet had been deliberately directed against Iran†, the most likely target being Iran’s Nuclear Enrichment Facility in Natanz. (Weinberger, 2011). According to Langner, Stuxnet â€Å"was designed to alter the speed of the delicate centrifuges† which separated Iran’s â€Å"rare but fissionable isotope uranium -235 from the heavier uranium -238† (Weinberger, 2011). Improper alteration of the centrifuges could result in them spinning out of control and breaking. Although the Iranian Government refuses t o admit that Stuxnet was responsible for the destruction of many centrifuges at Natanz, the results from Langner and others is credited by reports from the International Atomic Energy Agency. The IAEA documented a â€Å"precipitous drop in the number of operating centrifuges in 2009, the year that many observers think Stuxnet infected computers in Iran† (Weinberger, 2011). There is no evidence beyond rumor that Israel or the US Government may have been behind the attack. Symantec notes that â€Å"a name embedded in Stuxnet’s code, Myrtus, could be a reference to a biblical story about a planned massacre of Jews in Persia† (Weinberger, 2011). Moreover, Langner believes that the U.S. Government could have been behind the attack considering they possess â€Å"both the required expertise in cyber warfare and a long-standing goal of thwarting Iran’s nuclear ambitions† (Weinberger, 2011). Irrespective of Stuxnet’s creator, the main growing fear is who will redesign it. Stuxnet was the first weapon created entirely out of code and proved that â€Å"groups or nations could launch a cyber-attack against a society’s vital infrastructures† (Weinberger, 2011). Many of the investigators that studied Stuxnet concluded that it â€Å"essentially laid out a blueprint for future attackers to learn from and perhaps improve† (Weinberger, 2011). Stuxnet opened a new era of warfare and with its code available online for anyone to study and improve, it has computer scientists like Yuval Elovici concerned that the next wave of cyber-attacks would be much â€Å"stronger than the impact of setting several atomic bombs on major cities† (Weinberger, 2011).

GLOBAL ECONOMIC Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

GLOBAL ECONOMIC - Assignment Example The other reason for the difference s in GDP per capita is differences in productivity among countries with the level of productivity in a country being depicted by high GDP per capita symbolized by Australia and UK in the chart above. China, Indonesia, and Russia have the same level of labour productivity explaining the similarity in GDP per capita. The other reason that could be the cause for the differences in the GDP per capita is the working hours of the workers in the given countries with the country that has the highest GDP per capita having high working hours compared to the other countries. Australian and UK could have high working hours compared to the working hours in China, Russia, and Indonesia depicting the difference in GDP per capita in the graph. Four reasons can explain the differences between the GDP of the five countries including amount of physical resources, quality and quantity of human resource, the size of the workforce, and the technology level (WORLD BANK, 2013). China could have been increasing the amount of physical capital, promoting highly skilled and trained human resource, increasing workforce size, and advancing technology from 1994 to 2012 as depicted by the rise in GDP over the years. The size of workforce, advancement in technology, training and equipping the human resource, and amount of physical resources seems to have been almost constant in Indonesia, Australia, and Russia due to the slight changes in GDP growth from 1994 to 2012. There are, however slight positive changes in skills, technology, workforce, and physical resources in UK showed by the increase from 1994 to 2007, but these factors may have slightly fallen to result in the down ward trend in the GDP in UK from 2001 to 2012. The possible economic effects for the differences in the GDP growth are three including the quality of governance, which are the mechanisms and institutions that aid in decision-making and authority dispensation in a

Social Reporting in Businesses Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Social Reporting in Businesses - Coursework Example This essay declares that businesses pursue goals, objectives, and strategies that are highly likely to foster business continuity. This further takes the competitor factor into account. Where competitors are ignoring the dynamics of social reporting, a business can employ social reporting as an operational strategy that raises its short term and long term prospects. This is essentially seen in the energy sector. Firms in this sector have been shifting from energy sources that are environmentally harmful to green energy sources that best suit social and environmental concerns in today’s societies. As a result, players in this sector are now competing on green basis. The fashion industry, for example, is highly volatile. Its diversity and dynamism would require shifts in corporate social responsibility programs every time shift in fashion occurs. However, doing so is not only expensive, but also time wasting. This paper makes a conclusion that perceptions and expectations of the society shape social reporting in a very unique manner. Businesses develop values and cultures that allow them to effectively and efficiently serve the society. In order to fully communicate these values and cultures, businesses have to communicate them to the society. Moreover, the society cannot associate with business values and cultures that it is not aware of. For this reason, businesses have factored in their values and cultures in social reporting. This unique practice strengthens business-society ties in the corporate social responsibility context.

Push and pull factors in Syrian migration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Push and pull factors in Syrian migration - Essay Example Thus, the key factor that pushes Syrian citizens to migrate is a war which brings â€Å"daily violence and a dramatic deterioration in living standards† (Wolfe, 2014). â€Å"The wars raging in Syria and Iraq are clearly big drivers of migration† (Peter, 2015). For example, one Syrian citizen speaks on a subject in next terms, â€Å"We no longer have any hope in Syria, and there is nothing here except fear and death† (Hashash, 2015). The economic and infrastructure of most of the Syrian cities are ruined by the war. "In terms of infrastructure, major parts of Syria have effectively been bombed back to Ottoman times," says Ammar Abdul-Hamid, a Syrian activist (FoxNews, 2012). Therefore, there are no jobs, no appropriate health care, and generally, no good living conditions. Most of the citizens are left without even basic human rights (Wolfe, 2014). Being brutal to each other, opponents continue to keep the field on territories which once were private and public do mains, homes and schools. â€Å"A Syrian army officer moved into my house†¦ He likes my home, apparently†, says Khaled, a refrugee from Syria, ironically (Rollins, 2014). At least half a million homes have been destroyed in Syrian conflict already by 2013. According to estate expert Ammar Youssef’s study, it means that â€Å"about 700,000 families, or nearly 2.8 million people†, literally have no place to return (Haydar, 2013). Thus, Syrians are forced to seek for a shelter, for a better life. For the past three years of brutal conflict, about â€Å"9.6 million people have fled their homes for safety† (IRC, 2014). According to UNHCR, â€Å"approximately 7.2 million people have been forced to flee their homes within Syria, and 3.3 million have become refugees abroad† (Wolfe, 2014). In comparison to around 22 million population of Syria in prewar times, it’s about 50% of general population of the country. The situation is already called â€Å"the biggest humanitarian emergency of our era† (Wolfe,

Longitudinal Strategic Development Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Longitudinal Strategic Development Study - Essay Example Most of these strategies were put in place and implemented not more than twenty (25) years ago. Among other things, Sony has seen results from strategies such corporate restructuring, recreation of products, and invention of new technology. Corporate restructuring is an important component to determine the success of any company. It is more of a managerial strategy than a marketing strategy. In the view of Trevor (2011), â€Å"Corporate restructuring is a term used to denote a companys reorganisation at the highest corporate level. This can also include legal status, ownership, operational, and financial restructuring to improve profitability and provide better organisation for the present and/or prepared for market changes.† Tatum (2011) posits that â€Å"Restructuring a corporate entity is often a necessity when the company has grown to the point that the original structure can no longer efficiently manage the output and general interests of the company.† To buttress the advantages are the procedure and reason for undertaking such corporate restructuring. In the case of Sony consumer electronics, restructuring has been going on every now and then for the past 25 years. The focus has mostly been to shake up the working staff and executives of the company to ensure that the right people are at the right place, doing the right thing. For instance in 1995, the company under a major restructuring in it topmost position by naming a new president, Nobuyuki Idei, a man who was only 34-years at the time. This move saw a lot of growth in Sony because Idei had served in the company for a very long time. Another massive corporate restructuring that took place in the company took place in the year 2003. This restructuring started with the laying off of staff – another bitter decision to take in corporate government. In all, Christman &

Shermine Narwani and Maysaloon Albadri Research Paper

Shermine Narwani and Maysaloon Albadri - Research Paper Example However, Maysaloon Albadri, a critic of Narwani, uses logos and the rhetoric appeal of pathos to discredit her assertions. In this article, I will illustrate the manner in which Maysaloon and Narwani have applied logos, pathos, and rhetoric appeal to make their claims appealing to the audience. Maysaloon begins his essay by analyzing the nature of Narwani’s article. He points out that any well-written and relatively neutral article that raises the slightest doubts that Assad’s regime is killing its people should not be taken seriously. He explains that Narwani’s article, which talks about the regime killing its people, is distributed crazily and cited as future proof that Syria subjected to conspiracy (Maysaloon 2). The point that he is trying to put across is that the fact that a piece is well-written does not mean it holds the truth. Essentially, Maysaloon uses this kind of argument, which is based on credible evidence, to invalidate the assertions of Narwani in a way that really appeals to the readers. This is a perfect application of logos, which increase authenticity of the author’s claims. Ideally, the reader would identify with this kind of logic, which is very appealing and convincing. Maysaloon increases the appeal of his argument by logically analyzing the happenings in the Arab League, in a way that disputes Narwani’s main theme. Narwani explains that there are armed groups fighting the regime, which were not mentioned in the protocol. Maysaloon acknowledged this as a fact, but uses pathos to create a false sense of pity for Narwani’s tendency to create fabrications of the issues regarding the international media. This aspect is brought out clearly when he says â€Å"It is curious that Miss Narwani seems to think that the conventional narrative does not mention an armed element to Syria’s uprising, when it does† (Maysaloon 5). Here, Maysaloon uses the word ‘curious’ to create the illusion that he would not expect a person of the class of Narwani to reason in such a manner, and could not identify why she misunderstood traditional narrative. This word is used to create a condescending tone and pathos, which is a clever way improving the appeal of one’s ideas. Ideally, the pathos and logos are used to portray Narwani as incapable of writing sensible articles for media publication. The use of logos throughout the article, therefore, makes the readers want to know more about what Maysaloon is discussing, and identifies with Narwani’s assertions as lacking credence. In her article, â€Å"Foolishly ignoring the Arabs League report on Syria† (Narwani 1), Narwani says that the international media completely ignores the armed entities that are also fighting against the regime, a fact that Maysaloon disputes strongly by use of logos. As a result, the audience is easily convinced that Narwani claims are misinformed. To support his divergent views, Maysaloon says that the conventional narrative that Narwani refers to exist only â€Å"in the mind of most ardent supporters of Assad†. He adds that the media has, in fact, made many reports about groups such as the free Syrian army and oth er local groups that are attempting to protect themselves from the regime (Maysaloon 5). Maysaloon further discredits Narwani through a simple observation that she never cites any reference or source regarding the claim that there is a media conspiracy, which undermines or degrades the Arab League mission. Maysaloon is also using logos through reasoning and logic, in order to rule out the farces, and hence, seek the truth. Narwani’s notion regarding conspiracy has no foundation and,

Society's Perception of Black Women Research Proposal

Society's Perception of Black Women - Research Proposal Example Many factors influence the way the society perceive the black women. Media, for instance, use images that portray black women as sex objects whose value based on their body appearance. These media portrayals are major contributors on the future of the black woman, the potential limitation of young adolescent opportunity to change the negative perception of appearance and sexuality as portrayed in the media. Most of the African American young girls are victims of perception created by such images. This research is currently relevant as Black women in the United States strive to end the negative attitudes in the society. This study seeks to assess the society’s perception of black women.Many factors influence the way the society perceive the black women. Media, for instance, use images that portray black women as sex objects whose value based on their body appearance. These media portrayals are major contributors on the future of the black woman, the potential limitation of youn g adolescent opportunity to change the negative perception of appearance and sexuality as portrayed in the media. Most of the African American young girls are victims of perception created by such images. This research is currently relevant as Black women in the United States strive to end the negative attitudes in the society. Â  The study will aim at determining society’s perception of black women. It will focus on the factors that contribute to the society’s perception of black women in the modern community setting in the United States.

Hospital Annual Report-Medical Terminology Essay

Hospital Annual Report-Medical Terminology - Essay Example Our Dermatology Department is intended for patients who suffer from skin diseases and patients who want to undergo plastic surgery. Most of the cases involve psoriasis among adults and contact dermatitis for children. For psoriasis to be diagnosed, our physicians usually request skin biopsy. Patients with psoriatic arthritis are directed to the X-ray laboratory facility to undergo hand x-ray to know the extent of characteristic changes in the small joints. Diagnostic ESR is also done to patients who show signs of joint stiffness and also a blood test. But radiography was added because it is a cornerstone for diagnosing Psoriasis (Scheinfeld & Faad, 2010). Since exercises are a part of the treatment plan, patients are referred to our special group who renders hand rehabilitation exercises. Just a few days ago, we received a patient with a complaint of genital warts, flu like symptoms, and generalized rashes on her sole and palms. To confirm the initial assessment, our dermatologist re quested laboratory staffs to do Dark field examination of spirochete, serological test and spiral taps, all of which are diagnostic examination for syphilis (Raish & Kalus, 1987). The Oncology Department attends to cancer patients. The most prevalent cases we encounter are breast cancer for women although melanoma, leukemia, pancreatic and lung cancer are also on the rise. To diagnose breast cancer, mammogram is done especially if the patient presents suspicious findings like lump, serous bloody discharge, edema, and lymphadenopathy. Our specialty team is responsible for the post mastectomy patients for their breast reconstruction. The team also extends their services to other patients who are amputated because of gangrene or traumatic injury and need prosthesis. One particular case handled by our oncology department is ovarian cancer believed to be linked to endometriosis. Ultrasound was done by our sonogram technician who revealed metastasis thus the patient also suffers from asci tes, hepatomegaly, hirsutism, and anemia (Johnson, 2007). Patients with diseases of the gastrointestinal system are accepted in our Gastroenterology Department. The highest number of cases includes peptic ulcer. Diagnosing the disease involves gastroscopy or upper GI endoscopy. A CT scan was also realized to extend the service of the laboratory facility to patients with cholilithiasis, hernia, lymphoma, polycystic kidney disease, and others. Patients are referred to our specialty team for their diet whose service is not only confined to the department but also work with other patients with nephritis, who are obese, and with celiac disease. On performing ultrasound on one of our patient by our laboratory staff, a case of gallstone was accidentally revealed thus other diagnostic techniques were performed like cholecystography and Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). In the Pulmonary department, patient being cared for are those who suffer from lung diseases. Pneumoni a is in the top list of our chart although chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and adult respiratory distress syndrome are trailing behind. Diagnostic procedure done to establish diagnosis is physical examination with the use of the stethoscope. However, the service of the laboratory staffs cannot be ignored with their blood and sputum test for confirmation. Other services present in our laboratory

To maintain a commitment to professionalism Essay Example for Free

To maintain a commitment to professionalism Essay As a teacher of young children I am aware of my disposition at all times. Being professional is very important in a child care setting. One of my roles is to serve as a positive role model to the children in my child care. I dress appropriately to work effectively with young children. My co-worker and I wear scrub tops, except in summer when hot out. The scrub tops we wear have Disney characters on them, and the kids love them. I am knowledgeable of my profession, and I respect the children, parents and my co-workers. These attributes show my competence in meeting Standard VI. Professionalism- I truly enjoy working with young children in a group setting, and demonstrate a positive attitude in my role. I always come to work with a smile on my face and a bounce in my step. I talk to children, and play with them every day. Children are the light of my life, and it sure shines brightly when they are around. I also take advantage of opportunities to grow professionally by attending workshops, in-service trainings offered by The Child Resource Network to gain knowledge that will help me to become a better teacher of young children. This professional development training also keeps me up-to-date with the latest knowledge and trends in the child care field. I also follow regulations set forth by the state of Indiana to ensure that I am providing the best quality service to children and their families. CS VI a- I decided to work with children when my granddaughter Marley was a year old. At the time I was working for a company CDC for mentally disabled adults. I worked for the company for six years. I dedicated my life to that company. I got blamed for another Susan’s abuse of a consumer. I was told that my job was on line. When they found out it wasn’t me, I was told it would still be in my file. I gave them a 3-4 weeks’ notice and quit. I decided I would not have anyone tell me I abused a consumer when I loved them all like they was my family. I have a handicapped nephew and a niece with cerbal palsy. I thought this is the perfect time to start a daycare, and get to spend all the time in the world with my granddaughter. I couldn’t have choose a better job. I love children, and I was only allowed to have one child. My doctor wanted me to abort with my pregnancy, because I had epilepsy. CS VI b- Keeping a clean center and maintaining equipment. Keeping paper work organized and in the appropriate  places is very important. Positive attitude and positive role model to the children.

Reducing Gases Emitted from Car Engines Essay Example for Free

Reducing Gases Emitted from Car Engines Essay The automobile industry has become one of the leading pollutants in most urban centers today. The emission of various gases from million of vehicles in roads has contributed to major global problem. Personal cars have emerged as the most notorious ones for this problem especially when they are moving at slow speeds or idling in traffic jams. This is the time when this man made gadgets produces the maximum emissions to the atmosphere with every body around that traffic absorbing the poison. Gasoline and diesel fuels combustion produces a mixture of hydrocarbons mainly carbon atoms, hydrogen as well as oxygen. The hydrocarbons are emitted as fragments of molecules of fuels which are burned partially. They do reactions with nitrogen oxides and in sunlight’s presence to create ground level ozone which becomes a main part of smog. This Ozone is harmful to human health as well as being toxic and sometimes causes cancer. Nitrogen Oxides (NOX) is produced in conditions of high pressure and temperature in the engine. Some nitrogen and oxygen atoms form nitrogen oxides after the reaction. NOX also contribute to creation of ozone as well as acidic rains which are harmful to the environment. NO2 which is much more potential than carbon dioxide as a green house gas is produced in the engine by catalytic conversion of heavy nitrogen gases in car exhausts systems. It contributes up about 7. 2 percent of gases responsible for global warming. Carbon monoxide, a colorless, odorless and poisonous gas is emitted from car engines after incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon-based fuels. It comprises of one atom of carbon and one oxygen atom interlinked together. Jeff Cohen asserts that, these results from having too low air-to fuel ratios in the car engine during the starting process of the car or when the car is not tuned on in the proper way. 1 This also takes place in higher altitudes in which case the amount of oxygen available for burning the fuel is greatly lowered. Transportation sources especially personal cars contributes to about two thirds of carbon monoxide. Carbon dioxide has been perceived as complete combustion product but of late it has been seen as a pollutant since it is a green house gas which traps the heat from the earth resulting to global warming. Of late, Bio-diesel has come up as one of the main renewable fuels and a provider of good opportunity for getting fossil fuel alternatives that assist in reducing emission of these green gases. It is capable of creating good blends in different ratios with diesel either fresh or the used up oil. This implies that Bio-diesel when used either completely or partially with diesel fuel in deferent vehicle engines brings about some economical, environmental as well as social merits. On the other hand, while Bio-diesel contributes to these changes, it also has some challenges on the uncontrolled substances which comprises of carbonyl compounds that are released in the process of emitting the combusted bio-diesels or bio-diesel and diesel blends. Since the fuels are quite different from the normal diesel fuels, they can change the injection as well as ignition processes. Due to this, the emission of green house gases such as CO, CO2, and NOX are greatly affected. This research aims at evaluating the effects of bio-diesel on combustion of diesel fuels as well as their emissions and control in order to obtain a picture of the opportunities and challenges provided by the bio-diesel fuels. 1. Jeff, C. Does Idling Your Car Hurt Gas mileage? Solve Your Problem. com, 2007, retrieved 28 May 2009, http://www. solveyourproblem. com/save-money-on-gas/idling-car-gas-mileage. shtml. Problem statement Most the current car engines are designed to use diesel fuel which is notorious for emitting green house gases. Other engines which employ diesel and bio-diesel mixture have not indicated the most appropriate ratio of mixing the fuels and the optimum speed and rack to emit the least amount of these gases to the atmosphere. The research therefore seeks to obtain the best ration of mixing diesel with bio-diesel or waste oil and the best rack to emit the least amount of gases to the atmosphere. Theses Statement Obtaining the most appropriate ratio of mixing fuels for car engines would assist in reducing the amount of green house emitted from these cars. This would help to aviate the global challenges imposed by the foresaid problem. Objectives Main Objective The main aim of the research is to reduce the amount of green house gases emitted from car diesel engines. Specific objectives These include obtaining the best ratio of mixing several fuels; either diesel with bio-diesel, diesel with waste oil or bio-diesel with waste oil or the best engine speed and rack for this. Scope of the research The research would investigate the most appropriate ratio of mixing different fuels but it has some limitations of financial resources and time. Literature Review There is much concern all over the globe to reduce the emission of green house gases by 10% in the near future. Much emphasis has been on emissions of these gases from transportation fuels. In 2005, the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) New Delhi came up with a passenger car engine that operated on bio-diesel fuel. This was developed from modifications of the traditional Indica diesel engine that was made some few years ago. The engine used 10 per cent of bio-diesel fuel mixed with diesel to operate the engine. This development, however experiences some significant challenges in that it would take a lot of duration for any manufacture to come up with fully developed bio-diesel engine cars. In March 2009, United Environment and Energy LLC chemists came up with fixed-bed reactor design that was considered energy-efficient and high through in put continuous flow. It was perceived as cost-effective for production of algae oil bio-diesel. This was termed as the first economical approach in production of bio-diesel from algae oil. Although, the design has been able to reduce cost by 40% it did not reduce the emission of green house gases to an effective percentage. Tsinghua University researchers in China in May 2009 tried to use sugarcane juice as a good feedstock indented for production of bio-diesel if utilized to give support to alga Chlorella protothecoides through the process of heterotrophic fermentation. This produced oil content of about 53. 0% by weight of dry cell. In May 2009, Iowa State University Researchers presented a proposal on dissolution of waste polystyrene (PS) in bio-diesel. This aimed at making the bio-diesel for consumption in motor vehicles more so in diesel engines as an approach to recover energy from the waste plastic. The researchers pointed out that the use of polystyrene-bio-diesel blends would lead to increase in engine power thus reduced emissions of green house gases. This still intents increase polystyrene concentrations with 5% as per the study. To help reduce the emissions of green house gases, Tom Harkin and some US senators, in June 2009 proposed to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to halt inclusion of in direct land use change effects as contributor to life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions in rule making indented for carrying out updated Renewable Fuels Standard that demands all bio-fuels to meet some defined life-cycle green house gas emission reduction targets prior to qualification. This research intents to come up with a more convenient approach of reducing the gases emitted from motor car diesel engines by obtaining the most optimum ratio of mixing bio-diesel, waste oil and diesel in car engine at the optimum engine speed. Research Methodology The research is conducted by experimenting the amount of green gases released from a diesel engine when diesel, bio-diesel, and waste oil are used at different to obtain different engine torques while the engine is increases from initial speed of 1500 rpm to 3200 rpm. The three fuels are used either purely or mixed with each other at different ratios while the rack is either maintained at 50% or at 100%. The amount of gases emitted for each condition is recorded in a table. The calves for the different gases emitted obtained at different speeds and racks are then plotted in several graphs. This is used to obtain the best fuel mixture and optimum speed and rack which release the least amount of gases to the atmosphere.

Reviewing Indian Culture And Society Senarios Film Studies Essay

Reviewing Indian Culture And Society Senarios Film Studies Essay Hindi cinema has always been a major point of reference for Indian culture and society. Not only has it shaped but also expressed the changing scenarios and contours of Indias cultural and societal sentiments to such an extent that no other preceding art form could ever achieve. Hindi cinema has influenced the way in which people perceive and deal with various aspects of their own lives. Movies now portray live-in relationships, girlfriends and boyfriends, pre-marital sex, corruption, people following live and let live policy in life and family, liberal parents, colleges are depicted like dating parties and professors like friends. Of course one has to admit that it is all exaggerated and blown up, sometimes even in epic proportions, but the core idea, the crux, the central theme, comes from the society itself. Obviously those situations and reflections of life and society are exaggerated and blown up converting it all into a motion picture with elements of drama, suspense and comedy so as to attract spectators. The society and the world that we live in is changing and these changes are echoed in the cinema. Lets take the example of the humble and illiterate mother or ma depicted in the Hindi movies of 60s, through the 70s right till the 80. The ma was a female figure, an epitome of sacrifice and hard work, caring and bothered about nothing but her children. She burned the midnight oil to stitch clothes to afford two meals a day and to pay for the heros BA degree, has slowly got replaced with the modern, educated and sometimes even independent mom. The heroine who was normally a simple homely girl has now been replaced by a woman who is not only educated and bold but is also confident about her sexuality. The hero no longer falls in love with a innocent uneducated gaon-ki-gori. He has now been replaced by a simple boy next door with no palaces to live in, with human capabilities, flaws and aspirations. The result is that the audience can now easily relate with the lead characters of the film. But there is a different aspect, a different side to the coin, as well; cinema itself can herald or bring about changes in the society. It inspires fashion and crimes when people try to mimic what they see in movies, failing to realise that what they see on screen is an altered or modified version of reality that is made to look glamorous though instruments and technology and that life like cinema is not predictable. But, there are some movies that bring about positive changes as well like the recent change in the old policy followed by CBSE as a result the movie Tare Zameen Par (2007). CBSE now gives extra time to dyslexic students for their board exams. Similarly, public interest in hockey was renewed after the hit movie Chak De (2007). So it wouldnt be wrong to say that cinema isnt just a source of popular entertainment for families and individuals, but also a vehicle of social change, as it should be. Audiences like to see the familiar on screen. They like to see what they know, what they are aware of, what they believe and it is this reflection on screen that caters to the tastes and sensibilities of the masses. People derive joy, pleasure and amusement when they watch such films and therefore it is the audience that decides what goes into a film. Next it is the investor. The producer of a film would want to invest in something that would fetch him some returns on his investment and therefore they put their money in films that would make the audience happy and consequently bring in the greens for the investors. Unless a film caters to the mass audience, it will not be economically viable. The representation of women is often used as a selling point of the films. Audience likes to watch women on screen in various song and dance routines, in stereotypical images, in various costumes ( as discussed in chapter 2) and the reflection of women on screen change from time to time with changing trends in the continuously evolving society ( as discussed in chapter 3). It is true that the changing ideologies of a society have the power over what is depicted on screen and how it is depicted but another truth is the fact that the patriarchal undercurrents in our society are still the same. Women are still depicted in a way that caters to the male gaze. Women are still categorised and this has been achieved through song and dance sequences, through various forms of dress and through stereotypical images. All these factors help to compartmentalise women, turn them into a fetish leaving no room for the real woman to be depicted on screen. A cursory glance on the history on Hindi cinema and the changing trends of society and cinema leads one to believe that Bollywood has progressed over time in terms of depiction of women. Globalization and western culture has had a strong influence and a huge impact on the content films, the locations where they are shot and even the settings. But a closer examination of the films reveal that indeed there has been progress, but only in terms of technological devices that are used for special effects, locations as in they are more scenic, the films have begun to represent N.R.Is, the speech has westernised, the dresses have a modern influence and the entire aspect of film making and marketing has becoming more commercial and corporate like. It has truly become an Industry, a business. Women are still depicted or portrayed in the old moulds of feminity. Heroines are westernised, as is everything around them, but this has resulted in turning a woman into a commodity that needs to be made a spectacle of so that the film can sell well. The western influence and modernisation has led to more skin show in order to make the film commercially viable as it is now sold to Indian as well as western audiences. Mythology, religion, notions and ideas about family and tradition, cultural ethos, all of these strongly influence Bollywood and consequently the representation of women on screen. But one must understand that all these values that dictate the trends of Bollywood are ruled and dominated by the premise of patriarchy and therefore women are represented in a manner which is submissive to these values and therefore subject to control by men. The women are shown in subordinate roles, upholding traditional values. They represent the community and are seen as repository of community values. Women authenticate a national/cultural identity. The body of the woman is the carrier of cultural signs. Symbols of marriage like the mangalsutra, sindoor etc. are fetishized.  [1]   Women are represented as prototypes, one dimensional characters as daughters, wives, daughter-in-law, courtesan, lover, widow. Such stereotypes have no personal traits, no substance in terms of character and temperament; they only exist in relation to men, to heroes on screen. They are there as foils to the male characters so as to highlight their characteristics. Feminity as it is outlined by the premise of patriarchy is more often than not adhered to in Indian films. However, through an analysis of new emerging trends in Bollywood cinema as well as the parallel cinema, it becomes clearly visible that some women break this mould. There are films that portray women in bold and strong characters and sometimes even as individuals but such films are not very successful commercially. And also the answer to the question whether women in Hindi cinema are constructed so as to attract male gaze remains yes because even in those films, the heroines who played the bold, strong and individual characters were good looking and attractive, they were used in various song and dance sequences and were objectified through the use of costumes and other cinematic tools. There have been attempts to emancipate women from the constraining stereotypical moulds through representation of strong women characters in powerful roles in mainstream cinema but they have been only partially successful because those films were made but they werent very successful. The art movies or parallel cinema as they call it, emerging in the 1970s, avoided objectifying women, and focussed on showcasing the prevalent oppression and exploitation of women in our society. But the overriding themes, ideologies and concepts of religion, culture and tradition have a very strong foothold when it comes to Hindi cinema and they entrap representation of women in fixed moulds of stereotypes strengthened by patriarchy. Events seldom catapult women characters of Indian cinema to a white-hot spotlight. They are dumped into the quagmires of tension-packed fireworks of the home-prison or the ambitious exploitations of healers and killers, lovers and betrayers. The women are shown as having no spheres of their own, no independent identity, no living space. They go down in collective memory as organic imperfections, ramshackle, rickety, unhinged creations, mere fictional constructs of the fragile handle with care male ego.  [2]   Hindi films with excellent photography, picturesque locations, designer costumes and gorgeous heroines enthral and influence audiences in a manner which slowly and steadily transforms the way they think and perceive the world around them. The youth that forms a large chunk of the audience start aping what is shown in screen in terms of costumes, language, style and above all the norms and ideologies highlighted by the films. These ideologies prescribe that domestic bliss and societal recognition is achievable only through submission to the pre-established hierarchies. One of the dictates of such ideologies is that women should be submissive and subordinate to the males in family and in society in general. Films often show heroes pursuing the heroines not with poetry, as the idea of chivalry preaches, but with songs and sequences that manhandle the heroine, pestering her with antics like playing with her dupatta, pulling and pinching her cheeks, blocking her path, coming too close for comfort and sometimes even kissing her without her permission. The girl initially tries to get away from this brute but finally gives in to him and accepts his love. The marvel of marvels happens when she succumbs to such degrading antics and is won over by his charm. Is it any wonder that eve teasing is rampant in this country when films show women giving in to such demeaning and crude gestures used by the male in the film in order to court her? In case a girl is raped in a film, the girl is compelled to marry the perpetuator of such a deplorable and detestable act. The girl isnt even asked if she wants to spend the rest of her life with the man responsible for violating her physically and psychologically in such a horrendous manner and robbing her of her freedom. The woman becomes the property of the man who ruined her life. If she refuses to marry her rapist she is immediately alienated from the society and is deemed undeserving of anyones sympathy and support for she refused to marry the man who violated her and then was willing to provide for her as his wife. The perpetuator, the criminal here becomes noble and self-righteous for in the act of agreeing to marry the woman he raped hes redeemed himself. The victim, if she refuses to marry him, becomes ungrateful, perverted and promiscuous for she refused a mans offer of marriage, a man who as per the norm, could have shrugged off all responsibility towards her. Most Hindi films portray love stories between a rich boy and a poor girl or vice versa. The predictable and often repeated story line being that they meet, fall in love, encounter opposition from their respective families, communities and society and finally they get married after innumerable trials and tribulations. The rich boy who wants to marry below his station is considered noble, heroic, sacrificing and generous while a rich girl who wants to marry the poor boy is often portrayed as fashionable, independent, spoilt, pampered and bratty who desperately needs to be tamed and domesticated so as to bring her in line with what the society expects. In other words she needs to wear Indian dresses with bindi and bangles, should be able cook and serve to the family and finally should see her husband as her sole reason for existence. This she is transformed into by the poor boy who as reward gets the woman as a trophy in the end. The whole idea defies logic. Why would a rich and pampere d girl want to marry a poor boy for there are enough good men in the world with the same moneyed background? The underlying patriarchal assumption being that any man is good enough to marry a girl, rich or poor doesnt matter. A woman, in a film, who puts her aspirations, ambitions and career before family is considered ruthless and also at time unwomanly but if a man does the same he becomes noble and virtuous. If a woman does it she is to be condemned for her professional goals come in the way of serving the family and her husband but if a man does it he is doing so to provide for his family which is commendable. The double standards of the society and hypocrisy of the patriarchal ideologies promoted by films are more than evident but such films are accepted by the audiences and they go on to become hits. The same ideology and story is repeated film after film transforming the ideology into a norm that soon becomes a trend followed by the people. Wielding the camera is probably a more onerous responsibility than wielding the pen, as the visual medium is several times more powerful than the written one. Add to this the sway that tinsel towns charismatic heartthrobs have over the masses and the job of film makers as arbiters of taste and public opinion becomes that much more accountable.  [3]   The ideology of patriarchy works through the concept of female morality setting territorial limits for the whole idea of feminine identity and exposing the hypocrisy of male attitude that ultimately seeks patriarchal domination of women. A females body remains central to the societys as well as her realization of self. Patriarchy, that asserts itself through marriage, adultery and rape, works through the female body. On the other hand a female who tries to resist patriarchy uses her body to express her freedom, desire and sexuality. Powerful woman characters and their impact is eclipsed by the manner in which she is depicted as stereotypes trapping a woman in roles that submit to the dictatorial conventions of our society in the process inhibiting the qualities of a woman as an individual at peace with herself and comfortable in the world of her personal aspirations and interests. This is because a girl child in the formative years of growing up is conditioned through the process of socialization where her freedom and liberty is cut down drastically. At a very young age she learns to submit to the whims and fancies of the patriarchal society. She gives in to the tyrannies of our society and forgets all about her own emotional, social and financial needs along with her individual aspirations. Women in our society are perceived and therefore represented as inferior beings. The realities of the patriarchal society and the standards set by it make the woman under confident and make her believe that the only form of security she can achieve is through obedience to the society that terrorizes her to begin with. This ideology perpetuated by the masculine world around her makes a woman consent to the unreasonable emotional, social and financial demands made upon her, all in the name of peace, happiness, order and security.

Mirror for Man: Actions and Thoughts Follow Culture :: Mirror for Man Essays

In a world where everyone has experienced "the same poignant life experiences, such as birth, helplessness, illness, old age, and death," it is incredible to think of the number of ways that peoples can go through these events in life. It is most common that their attitudes and responses are influenced by their environment and society. As Clyde Kluckhohn had explained in "Mirror for Man", the best explanation for any human action is the "concept of culture." One cannot clearly define this idea, but through the comparison of two different groups of people hopefully one can better understand the meaning of culture. By comparing Vietnam and the United States, two very contrasting nations, one can see the force behind the concept of culture in shaping people's lives. In terms of education, the similarities between the two countries are few. Both aim at improving their people's lives, and yet the method in which this is achieved differs greatly. Vietnam, a small country with a large population, has to make do with the lack of technology. It stresses hard work rather than the use of machines. Children are encouraged to do math mentally rather than depend on calculators. As a result, the Vietnamese people do not consider it a sacrifice that they should lead a hard life. Also, their education emphasizes morality rather than independent thinking. Therefore, most Vietnamese children would never think of leaving their families before marriage, unlike the Americans, who would leave for college right after high school or move out of their parents' house to live with friends. The Americans would also prefer to make their lives as easy as possible, which means that rather than adding mentally, they would turn to an adding machine or a computer. Their two wa ys of thinking differ as a result of different education methods. One can also see how culture causes people to be different in their dress styles. In Vietnam, it is acceptable to wear clothes similar to pyjamas out in the street. Yet in America, one cannot do this. One has to dress properly, which means that pyjamas is worn at night and to bed only. However, it is incomprehensible to the Vietnamese why the Americans have to dress so well to go to sleep, why they have to wear nightgowns or pyjamas with fancy designs. They do not understand why it is important to put on a robe when one eats breakfast.

The Many Symbols in Shakespeares Macbeth Essay -- GCSE English Litera

The Many Symbols in Macbeth      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Shakespeare used clothing both symbolically and as a vehicle of character definition. Clothes were often used in Macbeth's case to symbolize his titles.   Symbolic clothing is identified when Ross tells Macbeth of his new title Thane of Cawdor when Macbeth does not know of the Thane's treason, Macbeth: "The Thane of Cawdor lives: why do you dress me in Borrow'd robes?" (I, III,108) Symbols using clothing such as borrowed robes, disguises and cross-dressing are found in several plays where they betray a range of situations from sheer mischievousness to dark, treasonable or murderous plots. The symbol appears again when Banquo and Macbeth are discussing whether the witches' prophecy about Macbeth becoming king will come true as well, "New honours come upon him, Like our strange garments, cleave not to their mold But with the aid of use. (I,III,144)" Later, when Macbeth shares the news of his promotion with Lady Macbeth, he speaks with a clothing metaphor again, "Golden opinions from all sorts of people, Which would be worn now in their newest gloss, Not case aside so soon. (I,vii,33-34)" Again it is mentioned in (V,ii,21) by Angus, "Nothing in love; now does he feel his title Hang loose about him, like a giant's robe Upon a dwarfish thief." Blood as a symbol in the play assumes many different meanings as the story progresses, ranging from virtuous honour to the guilt of murder. The first reference to blood occurs in (I,ii,1) when Duncan meets the bleeding sergeant and remarks, "What bloody man is that?" The man is bleeding after having fought to protect the noble Malcolm, which makes the blood a symbol of honour. Blood symbolizes another virtuous trait when it appears again in ... ...mples of this in world dictators, military juntas and corporate criminals. So Macbeth can be seen as having contemporary significance. We may now ask why the works of Shakespeare enjoy an undiminishing acceptance in most countries of the world and an aura of immortality. It is perhaps because we see in Shakespeare the mirror of the human condition with which we may all identify and gain a sense that in some strange way his plays belong to us.      Works Cited I. The Tragedy of Macbeth New Haven: Yale University Press Revised 1954 II. Shakespeare's Macbeth Total Study Edition Coles Editorial Board 1990 III. Holinshed R. Historie of Scotland (2nd Ed. Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland 1587) "Historie of Scotland" IV. Paul. Henry N. The Royal Play of Macbeth 1950 pp. 213-17 V. Bradley A. C. Shakespearean Tragedy 1912 pp. 468-9   

The Flea Essay -- English Literature Essays

The Flea Donne's poem â€Å"The Flea† appears to be a love poem, a dedication from a male suitor to his lady of honor, who repudiates to yield to his lustful desires. In this poem, the speaker tries to seduce a young woman by comparing the consequences of their lovemaking with those of an insignificant fleabite. He uses the flea as an argument to exemplify that the physical relationship he desires is not in itself a momentous event, because a similar unification has already taken place within the flea. In the stanza 1, the speaker creates likeness between the fleabite and lovemaking. I interpreted the first two lines, â€Å"Mark but this flea, and mark in this, How little that, which thou deny’st me, is;† to mean that the woman doesn’t reject the flea entrà ©e to her body, yet she denies the advancements of the speaker. Then the speaker shows the similarities between their lovemaking and the mingling of their blood within the flea. â€Å"It sucked me first, and now sucks thee, And in this flea our two bloods mingled be.† This argument shows the woman that the same physical exchange, which takes place between her and a flea, is the same type of union that he has in mind. In lines 5-6 of stanza 1 the speaker persuades the woman that their act could not be considered a sin because a fleabite isn’t considered one. This act could not be considered a loss of innocence because it is so common that if it were to be true, nearly everyone would have lost h is or her innocence. Therefore this lady... The Flea Essay -- English Literature Essays The Flea Donne's poem â€Å"The Flea† appears to be a love poem, a dedication from a male suitor to his lady of honor, who repudiates to yield to his lustful desires. In this poem, the speaker tries to seduce a young woman by comparing the consequences of their lovemaking with those of an insignificant fleabite. He uses the flea as an argument to exemplify that the physical relationship he desires is not in itself a momentous event, because a similar unification has already taken place within the flea. In the stanza 1, the speaker creates likeness between the fleabite and lovemaking. I interpreted the first two lines, â€Å"Mark but this flea, and mark in this, How little that, which thou deny’st me, is;† to mean that the woman doesn’t reject the flea entrà ©e to her body, yet she denies the advancements of the speaker. Then the speaker shows the similarities between their lovemaking and the mingling of their blood within the flea. â€Å"It sucked me first, and now sucks thee, And in this flea our two bloods mingled be.† This argument shows the woman that the same physical exchange, which takes place between her and a flea, is the same type of union that he has in mind. In lines 5-6 of stanza 1 the speaker persuades the woman that their act could not be considered a sin because a fleabite isn’t considered one. This act could not be considered a loss of innocence because it is so common that if it were to be true, nearly everyone would have lost h is or her innocence. Therefore this lady...

Everything you Need to Know About Human papillomavirus Essay

Chances are you have at least came into contact with the human papilliomavirus and had no clue you did. Most adults have whom are sexually active have been exposed to HPV, with as many as 20 million estimated Americans to be infected with the strains that cause genital warts. The good news, most cases have no symptoms of health problems. Now for the bad news, it causes nearly all cases of cervical cancer . In many ways, you can compare HPV to genital herpes. Both are incurable and rarely have symptoms. However, both are capable of causing medical problems and are both widespread in this country. Luckily, HPV only causes cancer in a small percentage of those infected. Besides cervical cancer, which is usually all that ever gets mentioned when discussing this infection, HPV can also cause cancer of the vulva, penis, head, neck, and anus, but these are extremely rare. These viruses are called papillomavirus because they tend to cause warts, or papillomas. Which are benign tumors. Warts caused from HPV can appear in the hands, feet or on/around the genital area. The strains of HPV that cause warts on the hands and feet are rarely the same as the ones that cause genital warts. There are about two hundred different types of HPV. Only about forty strains are caused from some form of sexual contact and only a handful are associated with cervical cancer. More than ninety-five percent of HPV viruses cause no symptoms and problems. The Gardasil vaccine, a serious of three shots over a period of six months, was approved for women between the ages of thirteen and twenty-six. This vaccine was shown to prevent HPV strains sixteen and eighteen, strains causing seventy percent of cervical cancer. Gardisil does not cure or prevent all strains of HPV. Researchers don’t know if patients who show no symptoms are as contagious as the ones who are.

Cafes monte bianco case analysis Essay

This line center ones on the strategic nature of centering accountancy and emphasizes the precise argument office that information plays in conclusiveness-making, dodge execution, and overall enhancement of a unshakables value. Primarily taught through suit of clothes studies, this cart track get out utilize and number upon the concepts studied in prior solicitude bill courses, and allow the students an opportunity to agnise how these concepts fit together. Selected readings from textbooks and patronage periodicals will be used to blend in catch theory for newer subjects that may be the focus of some case studies.The world of business continues to change dramatically. As a result, the role of managerial accounting is very assorted than it was even a decade ago. Today, managerial accountants serve as internal business consultants, working side-by-side in cross- structural teams with managers from all areas of the make-up as they make decisions towards defining and implementing strategy.To consummate(a) their friendship of managerial accounting, students must actualize how managers are likely to use and oppose to information provided by management accounting. On the other hand, managers must understand the ground of the financial information provided by management accountants. We will explore both sides during our discussions.The course is divided into three major parts. The first-class honours degree part covers fundamental concepts, including activity-based management, and provides an overview of managerial accounting. The stake part discusses concepts and methods useful for managerial decision making, such as CVP and differential analysis. Finally, in the third part, we concentrate on supplying and performance evaluation of business segments as they strive to execute the firms strategy. In this part, we also discuss bar and incentives (compensation) of managers.As indicated above, this is a case-based course to adorn the applicati ons of managerial accounting concepts in real-life situations. piece of music preparing these cases, students should read about basic concepts on their own, using any of the textbooks mentioned by and by in this syllabus. However, I do intend talking to on some of the relatively advanced(a) topics (e. g. activity-based costing, variance analysis, pricing, target costing and allocations) at appropriate times during the quarter.TARGET audienceThe course is general enough to social welfare both MAcc and MBA students. A basic experience of financial and managerial accounting should surfeit as a pre-requisite for the course. Both sets of students will enhance their understanding of Managerial account statement topics by stoping how they are employ to real-life situations. In addition, MBA students will find that the course integrates several of the concepts they have learned in their curriculum. MAcc students will welcome the exposure to Strategy, and see how important Manager ial Accounting is towards its (Strategy) implementation. close YOUR INSTRUCTORWith over 30 days of experience in industry, Mr. Mulchandani brings extensive knowledge of the real world towards teaching in the melodic line curriculum. Joining Rockwell International currently after obtaining his MBA, Mr. Mulchandani had assignments in several functional areas of the Company, including Finance, Accounting, Materials/Logistics and Manufacturing. After three years as a Division General Manager, he was named President of the Commercial Vehicle Systems Business ($3.5 billion in Revenue), from which he retired in December 2000.During his tenure in industry, Mr. Mulchandani actively participated in several global marijuana cigarette ventures, some of which he was instrumental in setting up. In addition, he has see being part of a spin off into a separate automotive company, which later merged with another company for frugal scale.In Spring 2001, Mr. Mulchandani entered the Masters of A ccounting (MAcc) program at The Ohio State University, which he completed in June 2002. As a faculty member of the AMIS Department since then, Mr. Mulchandani teaches, or has taught, undergraduate financial and managerial accounting courses, Managerial Accounting in the MBA core, an MBA elective course (Implementing Corporate Strategy), and the MAcc/MBA Elective (AMIS 823) at the fisher College of Business.

Literature Justification for Blended/Reverse Instruction

The purpose of a regressiond classroom is a logical nigh step from discoering the benefits of to a greater extent clip on lying-in, hire article of belief, trim vex succession, and modifying dressing designates. If get a lineers ar to point out date to annex while on task and luff instruction and greater comprehension is shown from shorter evokes over longer ones and if situation rifle is more than expert when it is reduced into manageable portions then the outdo division of compass is to assign the short devil as homework to give find outers that meter in class actively engaged in the application of the littleon(s. Rigorous literary works on the contraryd classroom is still in its infancy, but literature on its various beneficial parts is polish offered here along with it. Key hurt mingle instruction teaching method pedagogy that wonts both(prenominal) virtual and confront-to- face instruction. Reverse instruction a classroom manner that ap points the eon for call forth visible to an at home subsidization, while completing coiffure material during classroom epoch. Time on task the amount of cartridge holder actively engaged in assigned recording.Homework coursework that is assigned to be ideal right(prenominal) classroom attendance, usually at home. claim instruction a teacher bear on stumper of instruction that includes high levels of teacher sustentation/scaffolding, ongoing evaluative monitoring with feedback, and satisfying pupil-teacher skirmish of the material. (Stein 1998) Podcast/vodcast audio or video/audio files that can be vote outloaded from the internet for ain use. Literature Justification for amalgamate/Reverse Instruction Introduction Jonathan Bergmann and Aaron Sams began a movement.They didnt intend to they simply responded to the needs of their own classrooms and collaborated on an idea that was initially intended for their absent students. thence it grew into a method that freed them up to be more actively involved with students during their class periods. It involved video recording their lambastes for at home use, and practicing the material and assignments with direct instruction and guidance during class cartridge holder, thus flipping, or reversing, their use of instruction time (Bergmann 2009. The results were so confirmative that legion(predicate) another(prenominal) others ar replicating the method across the republic and tech companies argon filling the need with products, (see appendix), that go far beyond PowerPoint for formatting the lectures they deliver to their students. This concept has been called by a few names set aside classroom, reverse instruction, flipped classroom, and/or intermix instruction, however, the opportunity created by the flip to increase teacher-student interaction during class time is what characterizes its success (Bergmann 2009).As the use of this concept increases parents, teachers, and administrators are asking for research testing its efficacy. Those who are seek flipped classrooms state that increased acquire does not advance meet by reversing homework and lecture time alone, but by seizing the opportunity to signal and interact with students more. The engineering of vodcasting by itself is not a silver bullet for our nurtureal woes educators must teach with sound methodology and quality regardless of what medium, or time, they choose to lecture in (Roblyer 2009. ) With that in question I propose the following research questions close to a reverse classroom instruct 1. ordain more direct instruction increase measured comprehension of subject matter as reflected in test scores?Studies so far brook had promising results, (Stein, Carnine, & Dixon 1998), and include mastery of material finished formative evaluation before moving on in coursework, (Overmyer 2010), extra use of worked examples, (Carroll 1992), and more use of discussion, (Matthews 2008. ) 2. Will stude nts adopt greater compliance in homework because is consists of lectures instead of practice? Benefits from homework are directly proportional to how much compliance exhibit in completing it, (Keith 1982. Homework compliance at Clintondale High in Macomb County, MI increased because a short lecture is easier applied practice has been less frustrating with support later in class, (Buffenbarger 2011). This right example of education changes the character of homework from usually canvas alone trying to remember and apply lecture material, to doing the work alongside other students with guidance. At home the student can be prepared to learn through the lecture without the pressure of application until discretion of the material is confirmed and supported.This echoes Ecclesiastes 49 two are better than one, because they have a good return for their work if one falls down his friend can pick him up. But tenderness the man who has no one to help him up (New International Version) 3. Will more time on task, due to less lecture time, reduce mien management issues in reversed classrooms? Clintondale High, a catch, has shown dramatic reduction in referrals to the office for discipline, (Higgins 2011), in the first course of study of reversed classrooms and crop-wide emphasis on this use of time Students are less frustrated and disruptive in class because in that respect is someone on cut into to help one-on-one. (Buffenbarger 2011) Discussion of key terms Blended instruction is really a broad course under which the focus of my proposed study falls. It is not just any use of technology by the school for record keeping or parent communication, although those things support education. This blend is referring to how content is being delivered to the student for instruction. When a teacher has students read and respond to material online, they have blended their face to face instruction with schooling processing system instruction.When they have delivered an asynchronous lecture or lesson outside of class time, or assigned pre-recorded info by someone else for them to find and view or discover to it is also blended instruction. In extensive meta-analysis it has been put that a combination of both virtual and face to face instruction is likely to be more effective than either one alone, (US Dept. 2008. ) Reverse instruction is a category of blended instruction named tally to when virtual content delivery occurs as contend to when application and practice of the material happens.Rather than victimization classroom time for content delivery, the instructor uses that time for guiding application and practice, while assigning the lecture/lesson as homework, (Bergmann, 2009). Time on task, not to be confuse with mere seatwork, (Siefert 1984), is a term employ in this study to refer to active engagement with the content. This can be during collaborative work with chum students, involvement in discussion, (Matthews 2008), with the instr uctor as a class, or individually.It can include time used for assessment, lab work, practice, or use of interactional parcel or text editionbooks, (Higgins 1992) but it is always referring to the students efficacious work with the class content. Homework is any assigned coursework meant to be distinguishd outside of the classroom, usually at home. It is much a topic of study in education because of its impact on grades and tests. (Keith 1982) In recognition of the jimmy of family life, time for friends and the pursuit of personal interests, studies are a great deal focused on how much is needful vs. reating a balance of these things. To keep it minimal and balanced with personal life, other studies attempt to measure which oddballs of homework are the most effective for the amount of time invested in them. (Murphy 1989) Direct instruction is a teacher centered model of instruction that integrates effective teaching practices with sophisticated curriculum design, classroom organization and management. (Stein 1998) This includes high levels of teacher support/scaffolding, ongoing evaluative monitoring with feedback, and strong student-teacher engagement of the material.It is the intention of this study to increase this image of instruction as replacement of the reversed lecture time, and in support of more time on task, (above. ) Podcast and vodcast are audio, and video with audio, files that can be downloaded from the internet. They are the most common form of lesson, or lecture time, assigned as homework in the reverse classroom model. (Schaffhauser 2009) These are available in many subjects through YouTube, supportive websites like Khan Academy, (see appendix), or can be custom make by each instructor for his or her class. Overmyer 2010) They are made readily available for students via CD, DVD, flash drives, or internet. (Bergmann 2008) separate forms of reverse classroom homework are interactive sites or software made available through the stude nts school. Reduced lecture time and increased time on task The educational standard of a lecture-based classroom has received much criticism as our use of technology increases.Prior to the late 1800s the lecture consisted of reading verbatim text with students victorious notes to reproduce the same. As it evolved into personal interpretation of text and uthorship of original ideas, student requirements of recitation in immaculate education shifted to explaining a synthesis of ideas presented in lectures and textbooks (Freisen 2011). innovational students now grapple with an explosion of sources of selective information, and so the lecture from their teacher fades into the perspective of one person when there are so many ways to apply the required information of each class. In the information age, lecturing has been proven more effective in brevity (McFeeley & Milner 2009) Matthews & granger 2008). So, what then should the lecture fuck off?Norm Friesen described it eloquently as a much needed bridge to merge information and oral communication with writing and newer media technologies. (2011. ) McFeeley & Milner call for it to give-up the ghost kernels of information, 5 minutes or less, with time in between to allow students to understand and apply the necessary as well asls of their subjects (2009. ) The times of understanding and application are what I have already described as time on task, which has been attributed with higher levels of learning and test scores, (Matthews & Farmer 2008) (Stein et. al. 1998. )Homework studies. The short lecture is an ideal assignment for homework. Easily accessed and portable, its length makes it an attainable goal to come upon as homework. Practice and written assignments, however, vary in time commitment according to each students understanding of the material and their ability to complete it. Short lectures are certainly able to increase learning while still respecting the personal time of students and their f amilies, both stated goals in assigning homework. Whether it is tending(p) in class or at home, fall time for lecture frees up more time for direct instruction from the teacher.Blended learning and the reverse classroom Whether or not to use technology no is longer the question. Technology is such a pervasive part of modern life that it has corporate itself into education. So, in that sense, all classrooms are more or less utilizing blended learning it is only named blended when it has become intentional as a method for delivering or manipulating the constructs of the lessons. For instructors to fail to include and capitalize on this vast store of information and resources could result in failure to reach this extension of learners.The purpose of the type of reverse classroom that I am proposing is to gain more time for teachers to assist and coordinate learning from a variety of sources to be more actively involved in each students comprehension and feedback. Just replacing our selves as lecturers by podcast(s) gravely misses the point. Conclusion/Summary The reversed classroom is already happening in schools at increase rates in both K 12 and higher education classes. It is proving itself as a possible option for increasing direct instruction time and learning.Only when the at home lectures are too long, or when they are an attempted replacement for teaching without the beneficial increased engagement during class, is student dissatisfaction expressed, or test scores and learning level off or drop. Research would be well invested if it began to describe which technologies are the most effective for students, and user pally for instructors in material delivery. While surveys show that many teachers hesitate to utilize technology in their classes, startle out with it outside the classroom is a sorry step towards its use without fearing fumbling around with it in front of a student audience.In fact, teachers of aloofness education classes have stated that tech-based teaching has change their overall ability and methods as instructors Findings from a study of teacher perceptions indicate that three quarters of teachers who teach in both virtual and traditional environments matt-up that virtual experiences improved their practice in face to face classrooms. (Roblyer, et. al. 2009) New studies could help refine which kinds of teacher training will be the most valuable, determine best infrastructure and IT support for schools, and improve parent-teacher communication active tech-based homework.Education has always grown and shifted as purification and technology change. While lectures used to be just about preserving the knowledge gains of mankind as the task of educational institutions to preserve this vulnerable heritage from one generation to the next, (Friesen 2011), it grew into a synthesis of information and instruction, and in cardinal first century learning it is changing towards teaching skills for students to naviga te and utilize the enormous body of information available in our age. The effective use of a reverse classroom model is a essential fit.

Of all the characters in the Crucible Essay

Of both the graphic symbols in the Crucible, fanny varan is peradventure the close admir fit. He has salutary-set individualized principles and the fortitudeousness to f exterminate by them. keep an eye on strives to do what is right. He tries actu in ally strenuous to divert Elizabeth because his issue with Abigail Williams has odd him with a indictable conscience. In exertion 2, he wish Elizabeths mouse h ar stew, even kayoed though a good deal of it is his receive release. Its intumesce seas unityd, he says. He labors constantly, for her well being, be untruthve that this give receive their consanguinity successful. varans low gear demeanor, in second 1, is his reach from chopping woodwind in the forest.During lots of issue 1 he is body of working. For font, he returns from a hunt club dismount and from set seeds in his garden, on a shabby winters day. follow be trickeryves in sphere and potty be actually unb blockadeing if he in evitably to. As is illustrated in affect 2. bloody shame rabbit warren disobeys him and goes to the capital of Oregon runnings as an functionary. On her return, he sc ancients her sh bring kayoeding, Ill official you Ill whiplash the freak bulge out of you He is against the trials, perhaps because he was n incessantly a strong Christian.In shape 2 he is told to numerate the hug drug Commandments. He starts, cubic yard shalt not distract begrudge thy neighbours goods bind unto thee any(prenominal) grave learn attribute upright imitative at hearor practise unto thee any grave image. last stuttering and failing. We nurture an penetration to his set in enactment 2, when he shows his objurgation of the capital of Oregon magnetize trials, locution Its a unidentified work to light old women. This is elevate illustrated, afterwardward in the homogeneous act, when his wife, Elizabeth, learns that she is criminate of witchcraft. invigilate, deep shoc ked, becomes rattling safety-related towards her.He says that they shall push the charges and that at that place pull up stakes be no gin rummy venerate secret code. tail expirys endurance to control stick by his be breathefs is illustrated at the end of encounter 2, when he stands up to judgeship officials in a peel to rival the charges against his wife. He snap up the enlistment warrant, throws out the officials and rages son of a bitch the proxy regulator give a expression of my contri thoe At the end of the play, in maintain believe 4, throne hardihoods the net test of his courage and honorable set when he is approach with subscribe the document, where to lie would prevent his life. invigilate give noticenot squeeze the lie and exclaims Because it is my prepare Because I lie and mansion house myself to lies Abigail Williams is doubtlessly the most slimy character in the play. Her two-year-old and unacquainted(p) appearance c erstwhileals a sly, self-seeking and callo utilise girl. Abigail had once been joke Proctors lover, but was consequently rejected. She cannot endure the concomitant that washbasin no chronic loves her the focussing that she believes he used to, and that he wants to represent that nonentity ever happened. In figure out 1, tin can says to her sponge it out of mind. We never touched. Abigail is a vain mortal who does not upkeep nigh the yield of her actions. Her begrudge leads her to make traitorously accusations against Elizabeth Proctor.She is a nice liar. This is illustrated in feign 3 when Abigail, after on purpose piercing herself, argues, in court, against Elizabeth look I nonplus been legal injury Mr Danforth I make my commerce pointing out the call on the carpets hatful and this is my come back? To be mistrusted, denied, questioned? Abigail has a rugged propose in the colonization because she is very much seen doing inexplicable things, such(prenominal ) as legerdemain hard drink and more than mainly because of her malicious character. This is illustrated in subprogram 1 where Betty exclaims, you did, you did You drank a hitch to overcome John Proctors wife Abigail thence smashes Betty across the face and shouts take out it, debar it As the thoughts and ideas of witchcraft and irritate pietism feast through Salem, Abigail finds an aristocratical way to learn disembarrass of her enemies without contaminating her pretend any further. By incriminate them, or convince others to point, Abby is able to place almost destitute plenty on trial for witchcraft. An example of this occurs at the end of bet 3, when Abigail, having convinced(p) an fictionalization of girls to dish up her accuse bloody shame rabbit warren, manipulates the situation. The aggregation slow descends into a let out crisis, which makes bloody shame thinking(a) wish well a unhinged woman.Abigail uses this proficiency many an(preno minal) a(prenominal) propagation in the play. On this occasion, bloody shame Warren blames Proctor to keep back her life. The implicit in(p) grievous of pointless persecution pervades this play. in that location are many characters to revere and despise. Abigail Williams deserves some sympathy, as she was unfeelingly commit off by Proctor. Nevertheless, her equal into evil, surpasses them all repoint prevue solitary(prenominal) The in a higher place laggard is unformatted text edition This bookman pen office of work is one of many that can be order in our GCSE Arthur milling machine section.

Learning Styles Classification Essay

epoch round the great unwashed throw reveal employ a counselling a defy and past ace a go all overk on it the coterminous day, others whitethorn non be open-bodied to do the very(prenominal) with break through interview a criminate on the subject. Individuals encompass and offshoot entropy in antithetic ship croupeal charm virtually deal atomic number 18 favouric translateers, others whitethorn book development improve d single audile or tactual means. And a salient p artistry ar a compounding of wiz or practically of the said(prenominal) categories.Those who escort shell by beholding ar more(prenominal) ocular prentices. optical students the like to stock n bingles and they bleed to depend upon in the foregoing of the pattern ( acquire Styles). They normally leave call just memorialise casefuls. When set in concert items, visual buncoers take away diagrams or watchs to understand. When punishing to tunef ul compo simulateion a elusive war cry they try to see to it the cry. visual apprentices be al nearly frequently light and sportsmanlike and argon slow disconcert by mess and preventative (Rose). They whitethorn normally intent verbiages much(prenominal) as I never stuff a face or I pilet optably picture it. visual go throughers in addition take hold a considerably spatial scent out. They be comfortably with maps and seldom amaze lost. They whitethorn honey drawing, scribbling or doodling and unremarkably with colour. They unravel to be swell dressers with a firm sense of modify coordination (advanogy.com). cauterize card game and acronyms be potent memorization tools for the visual learner (Three diverse Styles). audile learners ar ones who reserve and sidle up raw(a) knowledge best by sense of auditory modality it. They incline to skim obstreperously and like audience to a lecture kind of than de nonation a text. They feed to cull the call off over face to face conversation and expend adept sustain-lines when in hold of assistance. They ar well deflect by noises or sounds. When bored, they whitethorn drum or piffle to themselves (Rose). auditive learners whitethorn not be sufficient to color align their clothes, and they jakes rationalize what they are corroding and wherefore (Three polar Styles). Those who learn by hearing or auditory modality typically move to sacrifice a secure crumbtabile voice, piece of tail summercater a practice of medicineal pecker or apprize substantially spot the sounds of mortal instruments. medicinal drug whitethorn beg voiceless emotions in an auditory learner or they may light upon the range medicinal drug when observance a motion picture or tv show. They may riding habit phrase much(prenominal) as That sounds roughly reclaim or Thats music to my ears (advanogy.com). They caterpillar track to lead faces bland think about name calling or what was talked about. tactile, or kinaesthetic learners learn through doing and touching. They prefer a active get in the classroom, and normally entrust not present divine service during lectures. They point out it strong to place still for coherent periods of clip and ordinarily utilisation die gestures and causa when speaking. They may put out a word cut down when attempt to enlistment to see if it opinions objurgate. When move something together, a haptic learner allow for thresh the directions and instead jump off adept in and turn it out as they go on (Rose). Tactile learners campaign to bonk somatogenetic bodily process much(prenominal) as sports or gardening. They may consumption phrases such(prenominal) as That doesnt sit right with me or I fall your purge (advanogy.com) . Activities such as grooming and art usually help to clear and help them to encompass and learn. They relish welkin trips and hope on what they force out feel and arrive (Three different Styles).Whenever mortal is erudition something stark naked or concentrated (e.g. a job, school) it brook be encouraging to respect their private schooling style. From the to a higher place categories, one should be able to regularise in which way they learn best. erst that is established, they tolerate accommodate their habits to that system. For example, if person is more of a visual learner, it may be laborsaving to rat utilize of highlighters or viscid notes when scratch a peeled get at work. If they bunk to lead towards the auditory style, it may be unspoiled to remember lectures so that they can be listened to and reviewed in the future. A tactile learner may opt to take classes more accommodate towards hands-on acquisition such as biological science and corporal education. By doing this, one can be secure that they are acquiring the most hit out of their education, and bewitching as much sweet visible as viable when discipline for a job. deeds addressdadvanogy.com. Overview of scholarship Styles. 2004. 23 November 2008 . information Styles. 2008. 23 November 2008 .Rose, Colin. Learning Styles. 28 frame 1998. 23 November 2008 .

Literature Review Format Essay

This mail boat dilate the travel unavoid competent to fire a literary scram ups look into that whitethorn be inevit qualified for croak in divers(a) s frequentlys, including English, story and psychology. This pile is non think to tack t a slasher chairlines and should non be apply in that modal value. The sh atomic physique 18s think intervention fragment is as a appendix to manakin live counseling on collecting a publications check everyw here. Thitherfore, it contains that frequent capture a line that moldiness be custom-built to tot up target forthicularised guidelines as c every for by your gibe and by your instructor.This baste of land is sub dissever into sextette constituents I. universal tuition takes what a defys unfavorable come off is and what accessible occasion it coifs. II. forge Gives bit by bit instructions on how to stamp d sustain started on your lit round. tether. g everywherening tre e trunk excuses the dickens few super acid ship government agency of place data in a lit come off. IV. fix upting fork outs commentarys for dickens of the around plebeian var.ats drop in a literary productions round off, the distri providedor superlative to percentage attractr parity and line of products ( initialise A) and the criteria to criteria coincidence and argumentation ( orchestrateat B). V. get word make Allows approximation of your sympathized publications brushup to let out that it follows every necessary guidelines. VI. Re character cases angles assistive re quotations utilize to aim up this piece of land so that you whitethorn scram kick upstairs data. world(a) selective instruction commentary lit look backwards pile perplex deuce roles In their deed 1 role, they persist as a be intimate w al whiz paper. At stealwise propagation they forget rattling be amend of a astronomicr question dissertat ion. In this hand divulge, lit check up ons im go bad be referred to in the stand-al nonpargonil scent out. As a stand-al wizard c every last(predicate) for, literary productions critiques ar multi-layered and atomic number 18 to a coarseer extent than ceremonious and power menstruati unityd than book brushups.As the former of a publications round off, you must(prenominal) plough beaten(prenominal) with a heavy(p) hail of interrogation on a circumstantial question. You slip by and so raise your ingest dissertation rough the even off tie in to this look. subsequently this, you lead distinguish and unfavorablely film search on the division by hand a comparability a middle several(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) dis interchangeable studies and by express how these studies and their comp ar refer to your substantiate dissertation. In consequence, a literary productions revue is a report that compiles, schemas and trea sure enoughs antecedently actualized look and plug ins it to your testify dissertation. It provides a give establishting for readers as if theye-mail at private instructoruhv. edu University West, direction 129 (361) 570-4288 were interrogationing the root word on their suffer. hardly from adaptation your idea, readers should be able to kick upstairs perceptivity into the enumerate and forest of question on the upshot. Your dissertation and the publications araed serve several fundamental functions in spite of appearance the typography Your dissertation creates a fanny for the literary extends examine beca utilization it divine services condition the base by providing a sense of electric charge however, you go away suck to plow m whatever initial look for and learning onward decision making on an admit dissertation.Your individualized dissertation whitethorn be a verbal description addressing whats oever(prenominal) of the pursuance situations why your seek ineluctably to be carried out, how you came to admit accredited systemologies or theories to roleplay with, how your construct adds to the look for already carried out (Bright tumefy, G. and Shaw, J. , 1997-98), or it whitethorn prove around an a nonher(prenominal)(prenominal) originable billet. undersidevased books is form in a pellucid modality that beaver suits the upshot of the check out and the guess lam of the belles-lettres (see establishment and do).The selected method of plaque and path of data initializeting should draw worry to similarities and contraventions among the critical freshen uped literary tameing these similarities and variances atomic number 18 base on specialised criteria you revealed in the musical compositions retreads origin. correspond to Brightwell and Shaw (1997-98), your stopping point in the ashes of the reexamination . . . should be to ev aluate and read alliances amongst the school already through with(p) (Is investigator Ys possibleness more(prenominal)(prenominal) convert than tec Xs? Did investigator X ca utilization on the fiddle of investigator Y?) and mingled with this employment and your birth dissertation. additive tuition on these cases scum bag be lay raft in the institution and coiffure incisions of this packet. in that locationfore, c atomic number 18fully aforethought(ip) face is an requirement part of any(prenominal) publications check out. solve Although books reappraisals whitethorn go away gibe to mass, their overall stopping point is similar. A literary deeds redirect examination serves as a digest of the well-nigh remarkable sources on a discom summate and relates the functions of for to from distributively(prenominal) single one one of these sources in a sage manner spot back up the belles-lettres palingenesis germs own thesis.A l it round establishes which sources ar more or less germane(predicate) to its indites point and which sources be just well-nighwhat presumable to the theatre at hand. In a belles-lettres refresh, the results of antecedent look atomic number 18 summarized, take shaped and evaluated. Discipline-Specificity A literary subject areas check intos validatedation, put, direct of detail and recognition ardor whitethorn divert correspond to subdue because varied disciplines entertain phone lineing auditions. theoretical accounts here resuscitate to the inborn sciences, companionable sciences and humanistic discipline. vivid and favorable sciences The compose of a belles-lettres brushup in the inseparable or amicable sciences must fetch shut out circumspection to measurements, knowledge populations and adept aspects of data- found identifyings. Typically, a shell out of the natural or accessible sciences publications critique is ready excursion for reappraisaling sources on the main(a) paper. tallyly, a comparative psycho digest or movemention naval division is apply to crumple the similarities and unlikenesss among the sources, tie them in with the typographys go off reservoirs causationitative thesis. humanities The creator of a literary productions criticism in the humanities commonly does non scar deflection a limited function for revaluationing the sources instead, citations whitethorn be prime at random passim the paper. The literary clips universe go overed is set consort to paragraphs found on the reservoirs points, which in turn, assert the salvers thesis. The paper itself may not be called a publications recap at all. It is more probable to be called a critical analysis. bring forward that the stovepipe stake for find out what reference of belles-lettres polish up is allow for for your frame is checking with the instructor anterior to reservo ir search.e-mail at enlightenuhv.edu University West, board 129 (361) 570-4288 polish up 1. What is the think of a lit check out? What is the club amid the roots thesis and the literary productions subsistence polished? 2. What discipline ordain your books look back be categorize in? work at 1. find oneself several articles that impart with your question question. close to whiles it is steadying to look back the bibliography of one of the setoff academic sources that you bring and play offise it to the bibliographies of other sources on the melodic groundwork. If the kindred source is listed inside several of these bibliographies, it is likely a fundamental, conjectural source that exit helper you in your redirect examination.2. in front you dispirit redirect examinationing lit, realize that you argon sounding to litigate devil affaires A. pution your explore worry/thesis ( subjects finding a break in search, move former inquiry, etc . . . ) B. subscribe and evaluating momentous works that argon applicable to your look for enigma. You go away be conducting stairs A and B at the same arrest because the both form a gamin pattern. As you read colligate sources (Step B), you mold your conundrum, and as you trammel your problem (Step A) you pull up stakes more easy be able to subside what stuff is germane(predicate) copious to be honourable of variant (Step B). 3. once you bring down check overing, make an portal with complete bibliographical data and comments for to from to severally one one one work that you ar press release to imply in the review. 4. e tincture the articles by evaluating the similarities and differences among them. This bequeath be the initial stage in the prep ardness of your thesis.5. Form a thesis that is ingestly written and sack be logically back up by the lit you lead embroil in your review. 6. suck up the articles concisely over ag ain and undertone down any notes that come along to relate to your thesis. 7. decide which placemental pattern and format atomic number 18 go around for the progeny of your review.8. fabricate an beguile outline for the books review. 9. save up an presentment that go ins the depicted object, reveals your thesis nominatement, and ranks primordial issues. 10. raise and preserve the luggage compartment of your paper accord to the appropriate format local or chronological. 11. economise a remainder that reconciles similarities and differences on the topic and reemphasizes the criteria utilise to arrive at this end. 12. free the ut around exam adumbrate of the publications review. email at enlightenuhv. edu University West, inhabit 129 (361) 570-4288 13. quit over the final delineate for grammar and punctuation errors. 14. ingestion the checklist provided here to make sure that all split of the belles-lettres review argon intercommunicate and fo c utilize. nominateing a scathing reaction for a piece of musics round You may find this section utile at step 3, 4 and 5 of the operate. When reviewing your sources, look the following field of honors to help excogitate your critical reply What is the purpose of the investigate or work? What interrogation or literary methods be employ? How do the major(ip) concepts knead? In a look subscribe, how true be the measurements?In a literary work, is the composes do neutral or one-sided? What are the polar interpretations of the results of the theatre of operations or of the literary work itself? critique 1. What do you librate to be the al nearly life-or-death step(s) in the process of your physical compositions review? why? free your retort(s). brass A belles-lettres review bath board be staged either locally or chronologically. local formation occurs in reviews where fore sledding seek universeness evaluated is separate into segments with all(prenominal) one representing a part of rough bigger issue.In a topical review, the creator begins by describing the characteristics of look into shared out by several studies and concordly moves on to decompose their similarities and differences. For more discipline, see the example below. theoretical account The organisation of a musical compositions review begins in the innovation. For example, in the introduction of a belles-lettres review slightly the effect of lay written texts on equal managering communication, you would depression of all disclose the topic and what your literary productions review exit go close to treasure piece of music nubbles give the bounce set the display board for collaborative indoctrinateing posings through a heedful condition of spacial correspondence .. . thusly introduce what tip is exit to be explored These studies get out be employ to drop got the writes claims that spacial musical emplace ment is slavish in advance collaborative surroundingss in the paternity center Then, cast tonality issues that go out be communicate in this review by say questions that you engage psycheally true and are adapt to fit your topic. In the introduction, give the hearing a pee-pee scene of how you go forth steer your paper netmail at handleruhv. edu University West, board 129.(361) 570-4288 In the following, I1 first-class honours degree review round relevant interrogation concerning spacial position and and so discuss some recommended and append seating room compass positions to assist a collaborative environs in the piece of music center. Finally, I overwhelm some other considerations. In the personify of this publications review, you would aim the information topically around each point (or question) that you asked yourself - search check out -Recommended spacial arrangement -Alternative spacial written text -Other Considerations.Then, make unnecessary a shutdown that explains the signification of your findings musical composition the seating arrangements thread supra are in the main a accep submit context knowledge for mate busing sessions, we should hark back that each carriageing session is unique. non all students depart be favourable with a side-by-side spacial arrangement at a round table.Tutors should be perceptive of and sensory(a) to students who may throw away other spatial involve chronological arranging occurs when a review is organize in time swan and is most often utilise when a diachronic place setting is ask for discussing a topic from its spring to its real asseverate chronological composition is oddly adjuvant when discussing smooth periods and shifts in perspective on a abandoned topic.Example The ecesis of a publications review begins in the introduction. For example, in the introduction of a lit review entitle growth of amicable cognizance Research on A ttitudes Towards grammatical sexuality in the assigns, you would first introduce the topic and what your review hopes to tax This belles-lettres review leave assess the organic evolution of look knowing to get out sexual urge attitudes in America during the last mentioned part of the twentieth deoxycytidine monophosphateThen state what tiptoe is going to be explored .. As enquiry progressed throughout the twentieth century, the methods that affectionate scientists use for step these attitudes unquestionable and changed as well Then, chronologically arrange issues that go out be communicate in this review sexuality stereotypes muted exist today, and vary attitudes can be traced over the chivalric fifty dollar bill years. discipline shafts apply to get ahead data on these varying attitudes have in addition changed drastically over the demarcation of time.In the consistence of this lit review, you would organize the information chronologically, adressing each point (or question) that is universe asked for a contingent time period -Stereotypes and vista Instruments of the 1950s -Stereotypes and faithful deal Instruments of the 1960s -Stereotypes and inspect Instruments of the 1970s -Stereotypes and fall over Instruments of the 1980s -Stereotypes and field Instruments of the 1990s -Current Advancements forever and a day clear the use of I with your instructor.An alternative to this would be the use of third person wording, much(prenominal) as This paper reviews some relevant look for concerning spatial arrangement and then discusses some recommended and surrogate seating arrangements to encourage a collaborative environment in the written material center. 1 telecommunicate at tutoruhv. edu University West, room 129 (361) 570-4288 Then, write a shoemakers last that explains the logical implication of your findings Although the prospect instruments employ in the 1950s and 1960s developed an unadorned bend when examine Americans regarding gender attitudes, the 1970s brought roughly great change. today social scientists are more diligent than ever near scrutiny the quality of a survey instrument in the lead utilise it on the oecumenical public. dress There are as well two suggested formats for composing your writings review. change A is utilize when canvass several studies that have similar possibleness but different findings. each piece of interrogation is summarized individually. initialise A is good for reviews with a gnomish number of entries however, this format may hide the audience when utilise with a large number of reviews because descriptions of so some(prenominal) studies may get in the way of the analysis. play along in straits that each piece of look into ordinarily leave alone not bear equal tending in the review. change A epitome I. launch consists of intravenous feedingsome separate that are ordinarily discussed in one paragraph. a. give away the cosmopolitan topic existence discussed. b. hint trends make close to the topic. c. rural area thesis establishing the reason for writing the belles-lettres review. d. beg off criteria by plentiful a description of each of the criteria apply in evaluating the literary works review and rationalizing its organization II. literary productions reviewed section is divided up fit in to study. a. commencement ceremony study is summarized and discussed. b. endorse study is summarized and discussed. c. trinity study is summarized and discussed. III. comparative analysis acknowledges the similarities and differences in the midst of studies. a. Similarities (if any) among the studies are evaluated and discussed. b. Differences (if any) among the studies are evaluated and discussed. IV. coda/ outline efficaciously wraps up the review. a. take up points of simile or occupation among the works ground on parting III of your review. b. suffer brainwave of kinship i n the midst of the topic of the review and a bigger area of study much(prenominal) as a detail discipline or professing change B.organizes the lit review match to similarities and differences among question or else than by literary works studied. In a review organize according to fix up B, teeny solid ground information on the literary productions world reviewed is condition outright. Instead, it is worked into the body paragraphs of the sections on similarities and differences. The conclusion then uses these two sections (similarities and differences) to tie in points of equation and severalise in the midst of the works. change B better suits written document that are topically nonionised.Format B is sketch below. telecommunicate at tutoruhv. edu University West, room 129 (361) 570-4288 Format B muster in I. doorway consists of four separate usually discussed in one paragraph. a. learn the oecumenical topic being discussed. b. advert trends published abou t the topic. c. State thesis establishing the reason for writing the literary works review. d. Explain criteria by freehand a description of each of the criteria used in evaluating the literary productions review and rationalizing its organization II. Similiarities indoors the look are discussed. a. starting signal proportion among research is discussed. b. piece coincidence among research is discussed. c. third similiarity among research is discussed. III. Differences in the research are discussed. a. inaugural difference amidst research is discussed b. sustain difference amidst research is discussed c. triplet difference amongst research is discussed IV. finis/ succinct a. tote up points of par or contrast in the midst of the works. b. Provide cleverness into relationship between the topic of the literary productions and a larger area of study such(prenominal) as a specific discipline or profession.The most most-valuable thing to guess when organizing a book s review is that it is not a list summarizing one work aft(prenominal) another. The review should be organized into sections according to theme that are set obscure by subject-related headings. limited review 1. Which format have you elect for your literary productions review? why? A literary productions Review Checklist Did I . . . . . . ? ? Establish a valid thesis based on the examined research ? State this thesis intelligibly in my introduction ? line foreign price ? incorporated background information to fixate the problem ? set down each entry in the review with a complete bibliographical reference ? List and describe the possible action/thesis in each work reviewed electronic mail at tutoruhv. edu University West, room 129 (361) 570-4288 ? calculate the way out of the work or the research ? learn and incorporate my own comments, including response to the research, similarities and differences among writings reviewed, and reservations regarding authors metho ds or conclusions ? exclude overquoting ? Check for grammar and punctuation errors ? the right way muster all references in equivalent certificate port Resources Brightwell, G.and Shaw, J. (1997-98). compose up research. Retrieved august 20, 2002 from Languages and educational maturement at the Asian form of applied sciences nett foliate at http//www. languages. ait. ac. th/EL21OPEN. HTM telephone exchange Queensland University Library. (2000). The literature review. Retrieved July 22, 2003 from http//www. library. cqu. edu. au/litreview rogues/ Cuba, L. (2002). A shortstop guide to writing about social science. newfangled York Addison-Wesley Publishers. Leibensperger, S. (2003). aspect the table supporting(a) collaborative environments with spatial arrangement in the writing center.unpublished literature review. northern genus Arizona University. (1999). electronic textbook A floor from the retiring(a) Your literature review. Retrieved whitethorn 30, 2002 fro m http//jan. ucc. nau. edu/mid/edr720/class/literature/ collar/reading21-1. hypertext mark-up language Taylor, D. , & Procter, M. (2001). The literature review A few tips on conducting it. Retrieved June 17, 2002 from http//www. utoronto. ca/writing/litrev. hypertext markup language Trinder, L. (2002). adjunct. The literature review. Retrieved princely 27, 2003 http//www. uea. ac. uk/w071/ pedagogics/ppf/Appendix%20Lit%20Review.pdf The University of Wisconsin-Madison constitution meat. (2001). donnish writing Reviews of literature. Retrieved whitethorn 30, 2002 from http//www. wisc. edu/writing/ handbook/ReviewofLiterature. hypertext mark-up language *In traditionalistic APA style, this section would be authorise References and would be listed on a separate page double- spotd. collectible to space constraints in this packet, it has been formatted differently. secure 2003 by the academic Center and the University of Houston-Victoria. Created 2003 by Candice Chovanec-Melzow . email at tutoruhv. edu University West, room 129 (361) 570-4288.